Tuesday, September 9, 2008

Shen Baozhen

Shen Baozhen was a official during the Qing dynasty.

Biography


Born in Minhou in Fujian province, he obtained the highest degree in the imperial examinations in 1847 and was soon appointed to the Hanlin Academy.

His great administrative abilities attacted the attention of Zeng Guofan, who enlisted him in the effort to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Following the suppression of the rebellion in 1864, Shen became actively involved in the Self-strengthening movement and later worked on the shipyard in Fuzhou.

He also took part in obtaining a peace settlement with Japan, following the Japanese in 1874. Then he was appointed as the Viceroy of Liangjiang in 1875 and died in 1879 during the post.

In late 1864, Shen commited the governor of Jiangxi had been checked on pass and discovered giant treasure's transport back to Hunan by many boats from Xiang Army occupied Nanjing involved.

Shen was married to Lin Puqing , the daughter of Lin Zexu.

Nieh Shih-cheng

Nieh Shih-ch'eng was a Chinese general who served the Imperial government during the Boxer Rebellion.

Rising from obscure origins, Nieh Shih-ch'eng held a highly distinguished military and civil service under the Imperial Chinese government when he was appointed command of the Wuyi army stationed in the province in 1897. Following the outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion in 1899, despite the poorly trained and ill-equipped state of the Wuyi army, Shih-ch'eng began an offensive against rebel guerrilla forces in early 1900. Condemned by the pro-Boxer faction of the Imperial Court, Shih-ch'eng achieved impressive success inflicting large numbers of casualties and taking large numbers of rebel prisoners during the year.

After defeating the first attempt to storm Peking by British Admiral Edward Hobart Seymour, commanding a force of over 2,000 men, at the Battle of Tang Ts'u on June 26, 1900, Shih-ch'eng would be killed less than a month later in July during fighting outside Peking. With his death, the army of Wuyi declined greatly contributing to the fall of Peking.

Mingsioi

Mingsioi or Mingxu {: Mingsioi; ; in older transcription systems, Ming-hsü) was a in 1864-66, charged with the overall command of the Chinese troops in Xinjiang.

Ming Xu's predecessor, Cangcing was sacked after a defeat of Qing troops at Wusu during the Muslim Rebellion. Ming Xu commanded the defense of the against the Dungan and Taranchi rebels for the next two years. Most of Xinjiang and Gansu being controlled by the rebels, he could not expect to receive any aid from China; meanwhile the neighboring would not be interested in seriously helping the Qing against the Muslim rebels either.

Ming Xu's last stand was on March 8, 1866 at his headquarters at . As the rebels were seizing the fort from its starving defendants, Ming Xu assembled his family, staff, treasury, and tea into his palace and set off the gunpowder.

Jeer Hungar

Jeer Hungarbelong to Bordered Yellow Banner, was an eminent Manchus Chinese official in the late Qing dynasty,commited the Governor of Jiangsu by the Imperial Inspector Minister Xiang Rong and Jeer Hungar dead in against Taiping Rebellion,his death made series important inflections.

Against Small Swords Society


Recover county Shanghai


Organize the Corps Mount Jiuhua


In March 1856, he and Nanjing‘s Mayor led 40,000 troops stationaryed in Mount Jiuhua. that function to oversee the Taiping Rebellion in Nanjing.

Death


Pass 5 days fight, he dead in Zhenjiang by artillery Bomb. originally the Nanjing mayor escaped but come back to search Jeer Hungar, mayor hold his body ran escaped again but fight dead with 7000 Green Standard Army by 30 thousands Taiping forces attacked.

Ma Xinyi

Ma Xinyi(; Pinyin: , Wade-Giles: , and variably 穀三''' ; Posthumous name: ; created was an eminent Han Chinese official, military general of the late Qing Dynasty in China.

Ma raised the Green Standard Army to fight against the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of Qing Dynasty along with other prominent figures, including Hu Linyi and Guam Wing, setting the scene for the era later known as the "Tongzhi Restoration"(同治中兴). He was known for his Assassination, it symbol conflict seriously between the Xiang Army and Green Standard Army.

Early life


Born as a native of Heze, Shandong in 1821, he had successfully passed the metropolitan examinations at the age of 26 , a prestigious achievement in China. He had earned the ''Jinshi'' degree, the highest level in the civil service examinations, which led to his appointment to the Hanlin Academy, a body of outstanding Chinese literary scholars who performed literary tasks for the imperial court.

Entry into imperial politics



Fame and military campaigns




Assassination



He was later appointed Viceroy of Liangjiang in 1868 but died there.

Films


萬箭穿心(The Oath of Death 1971)

刺馬(Blood Brothers )

五雷轟頂(Thunderbolt 1973)

投名狀(The Warlords),Jet Li as Ma Xinyi 2007年12月上映。

All above films are based on lies, none tells the truth.

Shi Lang

Shi Lang was a - admiral who had extensive experience in southeastern China. He was commander-in-chief of the Manchu fleets which destroyed the power of the Zheng family and conquered Taiwan in 1681.

Shi Lang was born to a distinguished lineage in Jinjiang, Fujian and studied military strategy in youth. He was particularly proficient in naval warfare, knowing how to take advantage of wind and tide. After fighting a number of undistinguished operations locally father with him joined Zheng Zhilong's fleet as captain of the left vanguard. Shi Lang served most of the early 1640s in the Zheng family fleet, where he seems to have some conflict with Zheng Zhilong's son Koxinga . When Shi defected to the Qing Dynasty in 1646, Koxinga killed Shi's father, brother and son.

Shi Lang was well-received by the Manchus because of his extensive naval experience and his network of contacts in the major trading ports of East Asia. He accompanied Prince Jidu in 1656 on an expedition in Fujian and attained the rank of Assistant Brigade-General. In the campaign of 1663 against the Zheng family he commanded ships and men to follow up the Manchu victories. In 1668 he submitted a plan to drive the remnants of Ming from Taiwan and the Pescadores but the proposal was not utilised. He was given a post in the Imperial Bodyguard and attached to the Chinese Bordered Yellow .

In 1681, following the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, the sought a possible leader for an amphibious operation against Taiwan. Following the advice of Li Guangdi, he chose Shi Lang. Shi insisted on having an independent command, not one shared with , the Governor-General of Fujian.

Conquered Taiwan



On 8th July 1683, after extensive preparation in training men and constructing ships he led a force of 300 warships and 20,000 crack troops out of Tongshan, Fujian, and on July 16-17 defeated the Zheng family's leading naval commander Liu Guoxuan in a major engagement near the . On 5th September Shi received Zheng Keshuang's offer to surrender. On 3rd October he reached Taiwan and formally obtained the capitulation of Liu and Zheng.

Following the campaign, Shi Lang returned to the Chinese mainland and worked hard to persuade the Kangxi Emperor to include Taiwan as a part of China's recognized territory. At the time, there was opposition among many within the Qing government toward the annexation of Taiwan, arguing that its maintenance would become an economic burden on the imperial reserves. However, the Kangxi Emperor accepted Shi Lang's views, and in 1684 Taiwan was divided into three counties and established as a prefecture of Fujian province. Shi Lang was made "General Who Maintains Peace on the Seas" and given the hereditary rank of Marquis. At his own request he was specially granted the privilege of wearing the honorary peacock feather. Shi Lang continued at his post in Fujian and was later charged with arrogance. In 1688 the Kangxi Emperor received him in audience at Beijing and allowed him to sit in the imperial presence, reiterating his confidence in him. Shi returned to Fujian and continued in office until his death in 1696.

He was given the posthumous name of "Xiangzhuang" , the title of Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, and in 1732 his name was entered for worship in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen. One of his sons achieved distinction as an admiral whilst another was an official. The Shi family was granted the special privilege of burial in their ancestral cemetery in Jinjiang instead of in Banner lands as was the case with other Bannermen.

Wei June

Wei June born in Guangxi,Wei Changhui's brother's son, was a Chinese general during the Taiping Rebellion and later served as the general of the Taiping monarchy in the early and middle stages of the rebellion, he involved 3 times attacked the Wuchang District and occupied, In third battle with Wuchang District, his commanded 100,000 Taiping troops shot the Xiang Army's spirit master Luo Zenan, made Zeng Guofan and whole Xiang Army very sad.

Wei June subordinate was Chen Yucheng once upon a time early.

But Tianjing's struggle Incident happened in September 2 1856, and Chen Yucheng do not obey Wei‘s orders, he gave up and retreated off from Wuchang District on autumn 1859, soon he surrender to Qing on Chizhou, and Qing admitted Wei join in and used him surrendered many Taiping troops to Qing. Ex: Qing famous generals Cheng Xuechi and Ding Ruchang were surrendered by Wei in battle of Anqing,1861, At last, Wei was forced colonel retired and lived in Wuhu.

Wei provide important information about Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng to Zeng Guoquan known.

Wei June's surrender was heavily loss in military strategy for the Taiping Rebellion that could than Battle of the Scheldt and Battle of Wuhan.

Zeng Guoquan

Zeng Guoquan 1856 follow his old brother Zeng Guofan, was an eminent Han Chinese official, military general, and devout Confucian scholar of the late Qing Dynasty in China. He raised the Xiang Army to fight effectively against the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of Qing Dynasty along with other prominent figures, including Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang, setting the scene for the era later known as the "Tongzhi Restoration"(同治中兴),he was Zeng Guofan 9th youngest brother so nicknamed "General 9", and lead main forces 60,000 occupied the Nanjing in 1864, killed Nanjing 100,000 people, rob worth 200 million USD goods and another nicknamed butcher Zeng by Nanjing people till today .

Early life


Born a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan in 1824, Zeng Zicheng was the grandson of Zeng Yiping, a prosperous farmer with social and political ambitions.

Zhang GuoLiang

Zhang GuoLiang
*burried in the Nanjing Pantheon.

Zhang Shusheng

Zhang Shusheng 張樹聲was a official of the Qing Dynasty, He was the Why Army's one of vice leaders, and his young brother whom named Zhang Shushang, also a Lieutenant General but dead in the civil war's battlefield of De'an County in 1867.

Bao Chao

Bao Chao (; Chyu Ting 春霆 ; was an eminent Han Chinese official, military Captain General, and a unlettered Coolies of the late Qing Dynasty in China. He raised the Xiang Army to fight effectively against the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of Qing Dynasty along with other prominent figures, including Zuo Zongtang and Zeng Guofan, setting the scene for the era later to fight against known as the "Nien Rebellion". He was known for his military perception.

Fame and military campaigns


*Enlist the Green Standard Army in Hubei and displace shift of position to Army Group Jiangnan, just was a stoker in 1852.

*In 1853, Made many wins but officer dislike him, Zeng Guofan drafted him joined to the Xiang Army, promoted him be a company commander defend the Lake Dongting.

*In the Xiang Army he promoted very fast, be a Major General and command 15,000 infantry and defended Qimen County in 1856, many times defeated Taiping Army's invaded.

*He had joined combat 500 times and wounded 108 on his body in whole military life.

*Zhejiang Military Region

*Hunan Military Region

Death


He burried in Fengjie County toward north 12km, but he was sight Proletariat betrayer so his grave was destroied by Red Guard on the Cultural Revolution.

Awards


*created the royal BATURU in 1864
*Vice Three Excellencies, Crown prince military second master

Cheng Xuechi

Cheng Xuechi in 1864

*created Three Excellencies, Crown prince's military first class master

*Offer a sacrifice Pantheon to him on Anqing and Suzhou.

Fu Kangan

Fu Kang'an ; ? - 1796) was born in Beijing and the third son of Fuheng, a grand minister of state during the middle years of Qianlong's reign. Fu held various eminent offices, including Governor-General, Viceroy of Liangjiang and Viceroy of Liangguang. It was rumoured that Fu was indeed an illegitmate son of Qianlong Emperor and the emperor entrusted his son to the then most eminent and powerful . Although the story has never been proved true, it is a fact that Fu was the emperor's most favoured general during his reign.

Battles


Crushing of Taiwan rebellion


*In 1787, 300,000 people took part in an armed insurrection in Taiwan against the Qing government. Fu Kangan commanded 20,000 troops and put down the rebellion in Taiwan.

Liberation of Tibet


*In 1790, Nepal's Gurkha army invaded Tibet and Jamphel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, escaped from Lhasa and appealed to the Qing government for help. Qianlong Emperor appointed Fu Kangan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign and Fu not only defeated the Gurkha army and liberated Tibet but also conquered Nepal.

Fu Kangan in popular culture


*Princess Pearl: Both 's and Taiwan's produced historical dramas about Fu Kangan. The CCTV series ran for 120 episodes in 1998.

Guam Wing

Guan Wen was an eminent Manchus Chinese official,Grand Secretariat, military general, Viceroy of Zhili, Huguan and commander of the Army Group Central Plain the late Qing Dynasty in China. He raised the Green Standard Army to fight effectively against the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of Qing Dynasty along with other prominent figures, including Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang, setting the scene for the era later known as the "Tongzhi Restoration"(同治中兴). He was known for his strategic perception, administrative skill .

Oversight of the Xiang Army


Guan Wen was appointed Viceroy of Huguang from 1856 when the civil war been dog fight. there were two Viceroy of Huguang killed in battle and one whad committed suicide before him. Guan led 600,000 Green Standard Army in the Central Plain that oversaw the Xiang Army and resisted the Taiping Rebellion successfully. His army was stationed in northern Hubei. It followed a excellent strategy for Qing and increased Zeng Guofan's deep dislike of Guan Wen.

Sengge Rinchen

Sengge Rinchen also Senggelinqin (僧格林沁, 1811-1865)a nobleman and general during the Qing dynasty, who is mainly known for his role during the Second Opium War and the suppression of the and rebellions.

Background



Sengge Rinchen came from the Horqin Left Black Banner in Inner Mongolia and belonged to the Borjigin clan, which could trace its origins back to Genghis Khan. His personal name consists of the words for "lion" and "treasure" respectively. In 1825, he became an imperial prince of the second degree .

Military role



Sengge Rinchen is mainly known for his role in a number of military campaigns in the mid-nineteenth century. In 1853, Sengge Rinchen stopped the northern expedition of Taiping army and captured one of its leaders, Li Kaifang. In 1855, Sengge Rinchen's status was elevated to Prince of the First Degree in recognition of this.

Four years later during the Second Opium War, he was appointed imperial commissioner in charge of leading the campaign against the and invasion. In 1859, he was defeated by the British and French forces at the Taku Forts and he was subsequently transferred to fight against the Nian rebellions, which he fought successfully and earned him back all his former titles and ranks. In 1865, during a campaign against the Nian Shandong, Sengge Richen was ambushed by a group of Nian rebels and killed. The was finally suppressed in 1868.

Legacy



Following his death, the imperial court canonized Sengge Rinchen in recognition of his service to the Qing dynasty and made his rank as imperial prince hereditary under the name of the "loyal prince" . In 1889, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered that a shrine be erected in his memory under the name ''Xianzhongci'' , which still stands in the in Beijing.

In official history works in the People's Republic of China's, Sengge Rinchen's Qing loyalist stance is interpreted as an expression of his Chinese patriotism, and in 1995, the local government of Tongliao in Inner Mongolia opened a Sengge Rinchen memorial museum. In , however, historians tend to give a less approving view of Sengge Rinchen, given his close association with China.